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2023 Author: Alfred Shackley | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-05-21 13:14
Many different types of plants grow in Russia. Despite the favorable conditions, the flora is gradually disappearing. Endangered plants are listed in the Red Book, they cannot be destroyed and they are protected by state authorities.
In the Russian Federation, too, not everything is rosy with the flora, and there are reasons for this. Basically, the plant world suffers from:
- Development of virgin lands, deforestation;
- Drainage of wetlands and construction of settlements;
- Creation of transport routes;
- Changes in climatic conditions.
In order to save all life on Earth, a special document was formed - the Red Book. Many do not even think about the scale of the problems associated with the extinction of flora and fauna. Often people cut down trees and bushes, pluck endangered mushrooms, kill animals for their skins. Therefore, the process of extinction does not stop.
Each region has its own Red Book, you can learn more about the conservation status of plants in your region from regional publications. If people at least occasionally look into such books, perhaps they will begin to care more about wildlife. After all, life is impossible without plants.
The benefits of the plant world lie, first of all, in the preservation of a clean ecology. The sooner a person realizes that nature needs to be protected, the more chances the world has to preserve the flora. The following plant divisions are included in the Red Book:
- Angiosperms;
- Gymnosperms;
- Mossy;
- Fern;
- Lichens;
- Lyciformes;
- Mushrooms.
Plants in the Red Book are unique in themselves, so people need to learn to appreciate what they have. After all, if they disappear, people will be deprived of many medicines and, in principle, upset the balance in nature.
Below we will consider in more detail the plants listed in the Red Book of Russia.
Saffron is beautiful
An endangered natural wonder that can be found in Stavropol, Krasnodar, the Republic of Dagestan, Adygea and the southern coasts of Crimea. The plant is adapted to life in dark places, so it can often be seen surrounded by perennial shrubs. The reasons for the disappearance of saffron are land plowing and construction. Also, these plants are destroyed by the people themselves, who dig up the bulbs. To preserve the population, crocus is cultivated in 14 botanical gardens. This allows you to create new varieties that are fast multiplying and resistant to adverse environmental factors.
Broadleaf snowdrop
This snowdrop grows in the center of the Caucasus and is found in alpine and subalpine meadows. The plant spends most of its time underground in the form of bulbs. It is a frost-hardy species that loves dark places. The snowdrop comes to life in the fall and grows green in the spring. It blooms in March or April with a delicious scent. The exact number is still unknown. In some areas, the plant will soon disappear forever. Tourists and flora gatherers brazenly pick flowers and dig up bulbs.
Colchicum
The colchicum is also under protection. It usually grows in the Crimea and the Caucasus. Colchicum with a height of 20 cm to 60, loves mountains, steppes and meadows. This plant can be found in the shade under trees. Colchicum flowers appear in autumn, flowering begins in August or September. The plant has found application in pharmacology. The composition includes the substance colchicine, used for cancer of the skin, stomach, esophagus.
Thin-leaved peony
Flowers of the Peony family with a bright scarlet color. The diameter of the bud is within 8 cm. A peony of this species grows in the steppe, on the steppe slopes. In America, the thin-leaved peony is very much appreciated, therefore it is sold at the highest price. The plant blooms early - in early May. One bush can have 10 bright flowers.
Olginsky larch
Larch grows on steep slopes, on the sea coasts. Most often it is born with crooked branches and trunks. This is due to the sea wind, which does not in the best way affect the formation of the tree. Rarely the plant reaches 30 m, usually it reaches only 25 m. Young branches have a dense edge of red-brown color. The needles are gray from below, green from above.
Juniper Sargent
Plant of the Cypress family. Juniper is undemanding to soil, grows on the sea coasts, on the mountains. Height within 1 m, the crown can be formed with a diameter of up to 2 m.
Rhodiola rosea
Rhodiola rosea (also called the golden root) is an old herbaceous type of plant in the bastard family. The plant got the name "golden root" from the rhizome, which has the color of bronze or gilding with mother-of-pearl. The extinct plants from the Red Book must be rescued, otherwise we will soon have problems, at least with medicine.
Violet incised
One of the most delightful flowering plants. This violet with beautiful flowers that adorn the purple-type corollas, grows in meadows and coniferous edges. It can also be found near a river or rocky slope. This plant reproduces by seeds, which do not always ripen. Therefore, the violet belongs to the colors of the Red Book of Russia.
Mushrooms from the Red Book of Russia: names and descriptions
Some types of mushrooms are also gradually disappearing from our planet. Among them are edible and inedible.
Mushrooms from the Red Book of Russia will be listed below:
- Double mesh;
- The lattice is red;
- Pistil horned;
- The webcap is purple;
- Gifola curly;
- Pine-footed pine mushroom.
Curly griffin
An edible mushroom, which can be found in the Kaluga region. Not every Great Dane grows. You can recognize this mushroom by its curly and large caps. Curly griffin begins to grow from June to September in deciduous forests (oak, beech, chestnut). Often exposed to white rot. The weight of the fruiting body of the fungus can reach 10 kg. Griffin is not very popular among mushroom pickers, due to its scarcity. This type has found application in pharmacology.
Amanita muscaria
A poisonous mushroom, which in the Russian Federation can be seen only on the territory of the Belgorod region. Grows in deciduous and mixed forests on calcareous soils.
Lattice red
An inedible mushroom that stands out due to its unusual shape. The ripe fruit has a round lattice shape. Unripe mushrooms are gray-white, covered with a film. It grows almost all year round, except for winter. Loves the remains of decayed wood or fallen leaves of trees. If ripe fruit is broken, you can smell rot.
Pine-felted pine mushroom
The cap of the cone mushroom is covered with dark scales. The edge of the cap also has scales. Its diameter can reach 15 cm. The pulp is odorless and tasteless. If you break the mushroom, the pulp will first turn orange, and then turn black. Pineapple grows in groups or singly. It is edible but lacking in flavor.
It depends on each of you whether nature will be saved on this planet. Do not pick flowers, break mushrooms and do not kill animals for the sake of skins, then there will be much less problems.