Thrombophlebitis of the veins of the lower extremities, treatment of pathology with medications

2023 Author: Alfred Shackley | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-05-21 13:14

Pathology is characterized by the formation of blood clots in the deep vein of the lower extremities, which close the lumen of the vessels, as well as the appearance of an inflammatory process in the walls of the veins. Thrombosis affects both deep and superficial veins, inflammation can be accompanied by infection with the formation of pus inside the walls of the capillaries.

The main reasons for the development of pathology on the legs are damage to the venous walls, impaired blood flow and high blood clotting. The disease of the veins of the lower extremity can progress in different ways, so treatment should be started as soon as the first signs of pathology appear.

Treatment of venous pathology of deep vessels by medication

If the disease of the lower limb occurs in the initial stages, doctors prescribe conservative treatment, which includes taking medications. It is impossible to independently try to get rid of venous pathology on the lower limb, because the risk of complications increases significantly. Therefore, only a phlebologist should prescribe medications for thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities. Self-treatment is prohibited.

Effective drugs for the treatment of pathology

Antibiotics When inflammation is accompanied by a purulent infection, treatment includes antibiotics. Means have a wide spectrum of action, destroy pathogenic bacteria and microbes. Usually used in the form of injections, which are made into the paravenous tissue to affect an infectious purulent focus. But pills can also be prescribed

Basically, antibiotics from the group of penicillins and tetracyclines are prescribed for treatment.

Augmentin. It belongs to the group of penicillins.

Semi-synthetic agent, has a wide spectrum of action. The active ingredient is amoxicillin. It is active against many pathogenic microorganisms. Destroys bacteria, relieves inflammation.

Dosage: one piece 250 or 500 mg three times a day. The average duration is 5-7 days, it is determined by the doctor. Should be taken at the beginning of a meal.

Contraindications:

• hypersensitivity to the components of the product;
• renal and hepatic impairment;
• children's age 3 months.

Doxycycline. Belongs to the group of tetracyclines. It has a wide range of effects, bacteriostatic properties, and is indicated for the treatment of venous diseases. It deeply affects the pathogens located intracellularly, destroys pathogenic bacteria. The active substance is doxycycline.

Dosage: 200 mg per day. The solution is administered intravenously once a day. The course is 3-5 days, it is determined by the doctor. The agent can also be taken orally two hours after a meal, the course is up to 7 days.

Contraindications:

• hypersensitivity;
• liver failure;
• leukopenia and porphyria;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• children under 8 years old.

Anticoagulants. They thin the blood, stop the growth of blood clots. Used for blockage of deep veins of the lower extremities and the formation of blood clots in them. Heparin-based products are often used

Enoxaparin. Low molecular weight heparin. The active substance is enoxaparin sodium. Available as a solution for injection. It has an antithrombotic effect. It is inserted into the anterior or posterolateral region of the peritoneum at the level of the belt.

Dosage: 1 mg / kg s / c every 12 hours for 10 days.

Contraindications:

• hypersensitivity;
• stomach and duodenal ulcer;
• severe hypertension;
• conditions with a high risk of bleeding.

Dalteparin sodium. The active ingredient is dalteparin. It has immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. Reduces blood clotting. Available in the form of a solution for injection. It is administered intravenously or subcutaneously.

Dosage: 200 IU / kg is administered once a day. Duration 5 days with a switch to direct anticoagulants.

Contraindications:

• hypersensitivity;
• bleeding;
• stomach and duodenal ulcer;
• hemorrhagic circulatory disorders in the brain;
• septic endocarditis;
• trauma or surgery on the brain, spinal cord.

Sincumar. It is an antagonist of vitamin K. It interferes with the synthesis of prothrombin and proconvertin. Reduces blood clotting. The active ingredient is acenocoumarol.

Dosage: 2-4 pieces of 4 mg once a day. Accepted at the same time.

Contraindications:

• hypersensitivity;
• hemorrhagic diathesis;
• renal and hepatic impairment;
• severe hypertension;
• stomach and intestinal ulcers;
• malignant tumors;
• pericarditis;
• hypovitaminosis;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Warfarin. Indirect anticoagulant. The active substance is warfarin. Inhibits the action of vitamin K, which is involved in blood clotting. Reduces the growth of blood clots.

Dosage: taken orally after meals, 2-10 mg per day. The duration is determined by the doctor.

Contraindications:

• hypersensitivity;
• acute bleeding;
• renal and hepatic impairment;
• acute hypertension;
• pregnancy, lactation;
• recent craniocerebral and ophthalmic surgeries;
• acute disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome;
• gastrointestinal ulcers.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Reduce pain, relieve swelling and inflammation

The most effective remedy for the pathology of the deep veins of the lower extremities is Ketonal. It belongs to the group of non-steroids with anti-inflammatory effect. Available in the form of a solution for injection, capsules, ointment, gel. The active substance is ketoprofen. It has an analgesic and antipyretic effect.

Dosage: 1-2 capsules inside 2-3 times a day. Take with or after meals an hour later. Do not chew, drink with water or milk.

Contraindications:

• hypersensitivity;
• bronchial asthma;
• ulcer of the stomach, intestines;
• Crohn's disease;
• hepatic, renal, heart failure;
• kidney disease;
• bleeding;
• chronic dyspepsia;
• children under 15 years of age;
• pregnancy and lactation.

Diclofenac. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. The active ingredient is diclofenac. Available in capsules, gel, ointment, solution, drops.

Dosage: adults 25-50 mg 2-3 times a day. It is taken orally during or after meals.

Contraindications:

• ulcer of the stomach, intestines;
• bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract;
• hemophilia;
• children under 6 years old;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• violation of the process of hematopoiesis;
• hypersensitivity.

Disaggregants. Helps to thin the blood in diseases of the deep veins of the lower extremities. The most famous remedy in this group is Aspirin

Aspirin contains acetylsalicylic acid, belongs to the group of non-steroids. It has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic effects.

Destroys the components of platelets that increase blood clotting.

Dosage: a single dose of 0.5-1 g with an interval of at least 4 hours. It is taken orally after meals. Duration no more than 7 days.

Contraindications:

• erosion, stomach and intestinal ulcers;
• hemorrhagic diathesis;
• bronchial asthma;
• hypersensitivity;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• children under 15 years old.

Polyenzyme medicines are also included in the treatment. Eliminate inflammation and help dissolve blood clots. Derivatives of rutoside (Venoruton, Rutin) or troxerutin (Troxevasin) help to strengthen the walls of deep and superficial veins. Reduces inflammation.

Also used drugs for external use (ointments, gels), which have anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects, reduce the viscosity of the blood Heparin ointment, Hepanol. The ointment is applied in a thin layer several times a day. The course is 14 days.

Lyoton gel. The active ingredient is heparin. Eliminates inflammation, pain, swelling. Strengthens the walls of veins, including deep ones. Reduces their permeability, prevents blood clotting and exudate from entering the tissues. It is applied in a thin layer to the skin in the area of damaged veins. A bandage and compression hosiery are worn on top.

Currently existing effective drugs for deep vein thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities are very diverse. A high effect from their use will be if you first eliminate the cause of the development of blockage and inflammation of the deep veins. But only a doctor should prescribe treatment after a diagnosis.