Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination

2023 Author: Alfred Shackley | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-05-21 13:14

In medical practice, there are a number of mandatory vaccinations presented in the national calendar. Apart from them are vaccinations, which are given either for epidemic indications, or for persons living in areas with frequent outbreaks of certain diseases. The latter includes tick-borne encephalitis vaccination. We will talk about how vaccination is carried out further.

Indications for vaccination

Encephalitis occurs as a result of the penetration of a virus into the human blood after a tick has sucked. Getting vaccinated means protecting yourself and preventing the development of tick-borne encephalitis.

Vaccination for a child or adult is prescribed on an individual basis, the schedule is also determined by the doctor.

The highest insect activity is observed during warm seasons. Vaccination is needed for people who often travel or permanently reside in countries with a high probability of infection, for example, in Asian countries, in the Russian Federation or in eastern Europe.

The optimal time for vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is the beginning of the summer season, when antibodies begin to be produced after 20 days from the moment of vaccination. During this time period, it is forbidden to visit places where there is a high probability of contracting the virus.

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine: a review of drugs

Injections are performed using the following medications:

• Encepur for children - for children aged 1-12;
• Junior FSMN IMMUN - for children from one to 16 years old;
• FSUE PIPVE products - for children over 3 years old;
• Entsevir - for adults and children over 3 years old;
• Encepur is for adults.

Vaccines for children have several benefits:

• rare cases of side effects after vaccination;
• complete protection against infection appears 14 days after the introduction of a secondary injection.

The inoculation is done under the skin on the shoulder. The ingestion of the drug into the blood vessels is contraindicated.

Existing vaccination regimens

You can vaccinate against a dangerous virus both before the beginning of summer and in the middle of autumn. The vaccination schedule against tick-borne encephalitis is selected depending on the selected drug. Today, the use of 4 foreign vaccines and 2 domestic ones is allowed on the territory of the country.

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination can be done according to the standard system. In addition to the standard procedure, there is an emergency vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis (instructions are given below), which provides faster protection against the disease.

In most cases, the standard tick-borne encephalitis vaccination is carried out:

1. With the drug "Encevir" - the first injection is given at the appointed time by the doctor, the next - after 5 months.
2. FSUE "PIPVE" children are vaccinated for the first time on a certain day, revaccination - after 5 months.
3. "Encepur for children" - the vaccination is done on the set day, the second can be done in the period from 1 to 3 months from the moment of the first vaccination.
4. "Junior FSMN IMMUN" instruction is similar to the administration of the drug "Encepur for children".
5. An adult patient is given Encepur at the time appointed by a specialist; revaccination takes place in a month or 3 months.

Emergency tick-borne encephalitis vaccination

After a child and an adult are vaccinated, the body is reliably protected from the virus for 3 years. If an unvaccinated child is bitten by a tick, then there is no need to panic, you should immediately consult a doctor who will pull out the insect and send it to the laboratory for research to check if there is a danger of infection.

In the emergency room, the child will be given an injection according to the instructions.

Emergency vaccination (also called accelerated vaccination) involves adherence to the following scheme:

1. "Encepur" for adults is prescribed after the first time after 2 weeks.
2. "Kokis" - after 60 days.
3. "Junior FSMN IMMUN" - secondary vaccination is done in 2 weeks.

Vaccination helps protect the body from encephalitis for 30 days. During this period, frequent examination by a specialist is necessary, and if painful manifestations are detected, compulsory medical care is required.

Side effects after vaccination

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis, the scheme of which is determined by a specialist, is well tolerated by the body in the absence of contraindications. After the procedure, it is not allowed to eat food of red color, if there is an allergy, it is forbidden to take a shower or a bath.

The appearance of the following side effects is possible:

• Redness on the skin in the form of a rash;
• Strong compaction at the site where the vaccine was given;
• Weakness and fatigue;
• A slight increase in lymph nodes.
• Heat;
• Pain in the head.

The effectiveness of Russian and foreign injections is the same due to a similar antigenic structure, however, it has been proven that imported drugs do not cause any side effects.

Contraindications to injections

If a patient with tick-borne encephalitis has no pathologies of an infectious nature and there is no intolerance to egg white, then imported vaccines are prescribed to him. In addition, an important indicator for the admission of this type of treatment is the age of more than 1 year.

Vaccination against encephalitis using the Russian vaccine is prohibited in the following cases:

• With bronchial asthma;
• Newborn children under one year old;
• In case of an allergic reaction to food;
• If the patient has epilepsy;
• With pathologies of connective tissues;
• If the patient is tormented by rheumatism;
• For any other infections;
• If hepatitis is diagnosed.

In the absence of the above signs, vaccination against encephalitis is mandatory. Where to get such a vaccination against a dangerous disease? In any medical institution where there is a license to carry out this kind of procedure: private or public.

In the polyclinic, the emergency and standard vaccination scheme is carried out with domestic drugs; in the clinics, imported drugs are used. Their effectiveness is the same - almost 100% protection against a dangerous virus.

The nuances of vaccination: advice from doctors

Vaccination against encephalitis, carried out according to the established instructions, should be repeated within a year after the patient was first vaccinated. Further - once every 3 years.

If the second injection is missed, the doctor prescribes a second one, but if the patient does not come for the vaccination more than once, then the entire treatment course is repeated anew.

To form a strong immunity, you need to enter the desired drug 2 times with an interval of a maximum of a month. For maximum protection, doctors recommend a 3-time course for encephalitis every year or 9 months.

It should be remembered that when going to areas of increased risk of infection, you need to use special means for forest insects: ointments, creams, sprays, etc. Children should be protected as much as possible from tick bites.

The terms during which revaccination is carried out are set only by the pediatrician, while parents must keep a record of this information in order to avoid missing the procedure against a dangerous virus.

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis allows the immune system to fight the virus faster, due to which a large number of antibodies are produced. The protective concentration of natural antibodies is maintained for a long time due to repeated vaccination against encephalitis.